资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
新年连打三“虎”显示中国反腐三个动向******
中新社北京1月6日电 (张素 谢雁冰)1月6日,2023年新年伊始,中国官方在一日内接连宣布三“虎”被打:山东省青岛市政协主席汲斌昌,国家烟草专卖局原党组成员、副局长何泽华,河北省人大常委会原副主任王雪峰,均涉嫌严重违纪违法,正分别接受审查调查。
开年连打三“虎”,释放了反腐败斗争一刻不停的强烈信号,亦显示出中国反腐的三个动向。
——“严”
被称为2023年“首虎”的汲斌昌在任上被查,其最近一次公开活动是在1月3日。他还在数日前主持中国人民政治协商会议第十四届青岛市委员会第二次会议闭幕大会,并在讲话中谈到“廉洁从政从业”。
何泽华、王雪峰则分别于2014年、2018年卸任。而打“虎”实践一再表明,退休不是护身符,反腐败没有例外,只要触碰纪法红线,总有事情败露、付出代价的一天。
过去一年,中国以零容忍态度反腐惩恶,32名中管干部被宣布接受审查调查,37名中管干部受处分。中共二十大以来不到3个月,官方已通报10名中管干部接受审查调查、3名中管干部受到党纪政务处分信息。
就在此番官宣三“虎”被打的前一日,中央纪委国家监委网站于5日刊发《坚决打好反腐败斗争攻坚战持久战》一文。文中点名多“虎”并指出,要“坚持严的基调不动摇,始终保持反腐败斗争高压态势”。
观察家指出,密集打“虎”彰显了全面从严治党坚持严的基调,长抓不懈、紧抓不放,亦向外界传递出“决不能有松劲歇脚、疲劳厌战的情绪,更不能有降调变调的错误期待”的信息。
——“准”
“关键少数”和“关键领域”被视作腐败增量的重要源头。近年来,官方在坚持严的主基调不动摇的同时,开启对“关键少数”和“关键领域”腐败的精准治理,其中包括“持续推进金融领域腐败治理”“深化国企反腐败工作”等。
此次落马的三名官员中,汲斌昌主抓经济工作多年。他曾担任山东省人民政府国有资产监督管理委员会副主任、党委委员,山东省经济和信息化委员会党组书记、主任等职,还曾掌舵山东省鲁信投资控股集团有限公司。
何泽华长期在烟草系统工作,曾任江苏省烟草专卖局(公司)副局长、安徽中烟工业公司总经理等职。2003年7月起,他更是在国家烟草专卖局工作十余年之久。
当前,中国的反腐败工作愈发聚焦“关键”,对重点领域、重点行业、重点人群腐败问题的整治和查处更加明确。随着精准化水平不断提升,反腐败治理成效得到全面提高。
三“虎”被打后,中央纪委国家监委网站配发评论称,要“深化整治权力集中、资金密集、资源富集领域的腐败”“进一步铲除腐败滋生土壤”。据知,纪检监察机关正在持续深化整治国有企业、金融、政法、粮食购销等权力集中、资金密集、资源富集领域的腐败,清理风险隐患大的行业性、系统性、地域性腐败。
——“深”
纪检监察机关在铁腕反腐的同时,也以刀刃向内的勇气严防“灯下黑”。外界注意到,此次落马的王雪峰曾在河北省纪委工作近十年,担任过河北省纪委常务副书记、省监察厅厅长、省预防腐败局局长等职。
近年来,少数纪检监察干部发生以权谋私、以案谋私等问题,凸显从严管理、从严监督的必要性和紧迫性。日前,中共中央政治局常委、中央纪委书记李希在二十届中央纪委常委会集体学习时强调,要在锻造纪检监察铁军上坚持高标准、严要求。
坚定不移把反腐败斗争推向纵深的同时,官方也多措并举强化警示震慑,例如推出“2023年元旦、春节期间‘四风’问题监督举报曝光专区”,加大典型案例通报曝光力度。此外,四集电视专题片《永远吹冲锋号》即将播出,该片将讲述中共如何持之以恒推进全面从严治党,预计片中披露十余个案例的详情。
更受关注的还有将于本月9日至11日召开的二十届中央纪律检查委员会第二次全体会议,外界普遍认为,会上将进一步深入部署反腐败工作。(完)
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)